Written by

Jennifer Carlson

January 7, 2026

Edited by

Tara Farmer

Fact-checked by

Kristen Cramer

How to become a criminal defense lawyer

Embarking on a career as a criminal defense lawyer means taking on the vital responsibility of defending individuals facing criminal charges and seeking justice within the legal system. This guide covers how to become a criminal defense attorney, from education and licensing requirements to essential skills and tips for launching a rewarding legal career.

What does a criminal defense lawyer do?

A criminal defense lawyer, sometimes called a criminal attorney or criminal lawyer, represents clients involved in criminal cases, safeguarding their rights at every stage of the legal process. Duties range from interviewing witnesses and crafting case strategy to arguing in court and negotiating settlements.

Steps to become a criminal lawyer

Your journey to becoming a criminal defense attorney requires dedication, formal education, and thorough training. The following table shows the summarized steps:

Earn a bachelor's degree

The first milestone is completing an undergraduate degree at an accredited institution. While law schools accept most majors, courses such as criminal justice, political science, sociology, or philosophy provide a strong foundation for future legal studies.

To sit for the bar in most states, your J.D. must come from a law school accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA).

Prepare for and take the LSAT

Admission to law school requires taking the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), a standardized exam emphasizing critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and logical writing skills. High scores improve your chances of acceptance into top law programs.

Complete law school (J.D. degree)

Law school lasts about 3 years, culminating in a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree. The curriculum covers criminal law, constitutional law, legal writing, criminal procedure, and trial advocacy. Law students gain valuable experience through hands-on clinics and internships at criminal law firms and public defender's offices.

Pass the MPRE and bar exam

During or after law school, aspiring criminal lawyers must pass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination (MPRE) in all states except Wisconsin and Puerto Rico. This exam assesses legal ethics. The next step is passing the state bar exam, a rigorous multi-day assessment required for licensure.

After passing the bar exam, applicants must also pass a character and fitness evaluation, which reviews personal and professional conduct to ensure suitability for legal practice.

Obtain licensure and start practicing

Upon passing the bar, candidates can apply for admission, attend a swearing-in ceremony, and officially begin practicing law. Some states offer limited reciprocity agreements, which allow experienced attorneys to practice in multiple jurisdictions without retaking the bar exam. However, requirements vary by location.

Be sure to research the specific licensure requirements of the state where you plan to practice, as they can vary significantly.

Gain relevant experience

Internships, clerkships, and law school clinics provide direct exposure to criminal litigation. Entry-level criminal defense attorneys normally begin under supervision through:

• Law firms

• Public defender's offices

• District attorney's offices

These locations help develop essential skills through trial practice and client interaction.

Essential skills for criminal attorneys

Criminal defense lawyers need a diverse skill set to excel in their careers:

• Strong communication and writing skills help persuade juries and negotiate settlements.

• Analytical thinking helps with interpreting complex legal statutes and evidence.

• Emotional resilience and adaptability are essential for managing high-stress situations.

• Ethical judgment and professionalism are required at every stage.

Career advancement and specialization

Some criminal defense attorneys pursue advanced degrees or certifications, such as an LL.M. in Criminal Law or board certification in criminal trial law. Continuous professional development through seminars, bar associations, and legal societies help attorneys stay current on changes in criminal law and trial procedures.

Alternative jobs in criminal law

Many attorneys report working long hours, sometimes 50 to 70 hours per week. If you want to work in the criminal law field but don't necessarily want to get a J.D. or be a lawyer, consider pursuing one of the following similar careers:

• Policy advisor

• Legal analyst

• Compliance officer

• Criminal investigator

• Bailiff

• Probation officer

• Correctional officer

• Victim advocate

• Crime analyst

FAQs about how to become a criminal defense attorney

How much does a criminal defense lawyer make?

Criminal defense attorney's make $80,000 to $120,000 per year, depending on their experience, location, and reputation.

What degree is required to become a criminal lawyer?

A criminal lawyer needs a bachelor's degree and a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from a law school accredited by the American Bar Association.

How long does it take to become a criminal defense attorney?

It typically takes 7 years of post-secondary education to become a criminal defense attorney: 4 years for the undergraduate degree and 3 years for law school.

Is work experience necessary before practicing criminal law?

Internships and clerkships in law school provide crucial hands-on experience, but most criminal defense lawyers start under supervision before handling independent cases.

Are any exams required for criminal attorneys?

Yes. Candidates must pass the LSAT, MPRE, and state bar exam before becoming a licensed criminal defense attorney.

What skills are most important for criminal lawyers?

Effective communication, attention to detail, strong ethics, and analytical reasoning are all vital skills for a successful criminal attorney.

Tips for launching a successful legal career

Becoming a lawyer requires a significant amount of time and financial investment, but it can be well worth the risk! To maximize your chances of success:

• Find mentors in established criminal defense or prosecutor offices to gain practical advice.

• Be proactive in seeking trial advocacy and moot court experience during law school.

• Stay committed to lifelong learning and professional growth through legal workshops and certification programs.

• Build strong relationships through networking events, state bar associations, and mentorship programs.

• Seek out law school clinics and internships specifically focused on criminal defense.

• Develop expertise in technology and legal software to improve case management efficiency.

• Stay up to date with criminal law developments and attend continuing legal education events.e